HTML Special Characters – Special Entities

Want to add copyright symbol ©, trademark ™, or registered symbol ® to your website?
Here are some of the most commonly used HTML special characters/ special entities.

Roughly, special entities / special characters are characters that you may not be able to type them directly from the keyboard and make them display properly on your website. Copryright symbol ©, trademark symbol ™, registered mark ® or accented letters like á and ñ are examples of special characters.

An entity begins with an ampersand (&) and ends with a semicolon (;). For example, the following is an entity for the copyright symbol: © which will be displayed as © in your browser.

Unless styled specifically in CSS, the trademark symbol ™ is automatically in the superscript position. The registered mark and copyright symbol are not. To make it in the superscript position, you just need to use the pair of tags . To demonstrate the difference, here’s how the normal registered sign looks ®, and here’s how the registered sign in superscript looks ^®. Add some CSS style to make it even better if you want.

To create the special character/entity in the third column [the DISPLAY column], just copy the code in the last column [the HTML column] and paste it to the code of your html file.

Most common special characters — general: copryright, registered, trademark…

DESCRIPTION	NAME	DISPLAY	HTML
copyright sign	copy	©	©
trade mark sign	trade	™	™
registered sign = registered trade mark sign	reg	®	®
ampersand	amp	&	&
no-break space = non-breaking space	nbsp		 
degree sign	deg	°	°
left-pointing double angle quotation mark = left pointing guillemet	laquo	«	«
right-pointing double angle quotation mark = right pointing guillemet	raquo	»	»
greater-than sign	gt	>	>
less-than sign	lt	<	&lt;
bullet = black small circle	bull	•	&bull;
en dash	ndash	–	&ndash;
em dash	mdash	—	&mdash;

Most common special characters — currencies: cent, yen, euro….

DESCRIPTION	NAME	DISPLAY	HTML
cent sign	cent	¢	¢
euro sign	euro	€	€
pound sign	pound	£	£
yen sign = yuan sign	yen	¥	¥

Most common special characters — math-related: great than, less than…

DESCRIPTION	NAME	DISPLAY	HTML
greater-than sign	gt	>	>
less-than sign	lt	<	&lt;
greater-than or equal to	ge	≥	&ge;
less-than or equal to	le	≤	&le;
almost equal to = asymptotic to	asymp	≈	&asymp;
vulgar fraction one half = fraction one half	frac12	½	&frac12;
vulgar fraction one quarter = fraction one quarter	frac14	¼	&frac14;
vulgar fraction three quarters = fraction three quarters	frac34	¾	&frac34;
superscript one = superscript digit one	sup1	¹	&sup1;
superscript three = superscript digit three = cubed	sup3	³	&sup3;
superscript two = superscript digit two = squared	sup2	²	&sup2;
division sign	divide	÷	&divide;
multiplication sign	times	×	&times;
minus sign	minus	−	&minus;
plus-minus sign = plus-or-minus sign	plusmn	±	&plusmn;
identical to	equiv	≡	&equiv;
not equal to	ne	≠	&ne;
infinity	infin	∞	&infin;
square root = radical sign	radic	√	&radic;
degree sign	deg	°	&deg;
per mille sign	permil	‰	&permil;
micro sign	micro	µ	&micro;
for all	forall	∀	&forall;
element of	isin	∈	&isin;
greek small letter alpha	alpha	α	&alpha;
greek small letter beta	beta	β	&beta;
greek small letter chi	chi	χ	&chi;
greek small letter delta	delta	δ	&delta;
greek small letter epsilon	epsilon	ε	&epsilon;
greek small letter eta	eta	η	&eta;
greek small letter final sigma	sigmaf	ς	&sigmaf;
greek small letter gamma	gamma	γ	&gamma;
greek small letter iota	iota	ι	&iota;
greek small letter kappa	kappa	κ	&kappa;
greek small letter lambda	lambda	λ	&lambda;
greek small letter mu	mu	μ	&mu;
greek small letter nu	nu	ν	&nu;
greek small letter omega	omega	ω	&omega;
greek small letter omicron	omicron	ο	&omicron;
greek small letter phi	phi	φ	&phi;
greek small letter pi	pi	π	&pi;
greek small letter psi	psi	ψ	&psi;
greek small letter rho	rho	ρ	&rho;
greek small letter sigma	sigma	σ	&sigma;

Most common special characters — arrows, cards…

DESCRIPTION	NAME	DISPLAY	HTML
left right arrow	harr	↔	↔
left right double arrow	hArr	⇔	⇔
upwards arrow	uarr	↑	↑
downwards arrow	darr	↓	↓
leftwards arrow	larr	←	←
rightwards arrow	rarr	→	→
upwards double arrow	uArr	⇑	⇑
downwards double arrow	dArr	⇓	⇓
leftwards double arrow	lArr	⇐	⇐
rightwards double arrow	rArr	⇒	⇒
downwards arrow with corner leftwards = carriage return	crarr	↵	↵
black club suit = shamrock	clubs	♣	♣
black diamond suit	diams	♦	♦
black heart suit = valentine	hearts	♥	♥
black spade suit	spades	♠	♠

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